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Introduction

Jobs might require variables for parameterization that hold secrets. We find a number of requirements for management of such variables, see JS7 - How to encrypt and decrypt

The preferred solution with JS7 is to use asymmetric keys, for details see JS7 - Encryption and Decryption.

  • Encryption and decryption can be performed directly by related jobs.
  • Encryption and decryption can be performed outside of JS7 products.
  • This includes that JS7 products have no knowledge of secret keys involved that potentially could be compromised by logging, database persistence etc.

For creation of Encryption Keys see JS7 - How to create X.509 Encryption Keys.

FEATURE AVAILABILITY STARTING FROM RELEASE 2.5.9
FEATURE AVAILABILITY STARTING FROM RELEASE 2.6.6

Scope

The solution ships with JS7 Agents that can use encryption/decryption with Java jobs out-of-the-box.

Managing the Private Key and Certificate

Asymmetric encryption makes use of a Private Key and Certificate/Public Key that can be created in a number of ways:

  • Users can create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) and ask their Certificate Authority (CA) to sign the CSR and to receive an X.509 Certificate. The Private Key and the X.509 Certificate allow to derive the Public Key.
  • User can create a self-issued X.509 Certificate, see JS7 - How to create X.509 Encryption Keys.
  • Users can create a Private Key and Certificate as explained in the next chapter.

Note: Private Keys can be protected using a passphrase that acts as a second factor when a human user will access the key: while the Private Key is in the file system, the passphrase is in the user's brains. However, this does not improve security for unattended processing: it's pointless to store a passphrase side-by-side with the Private Key in scripts or configuration files on the same media.

Step 1: Creating the Private Key and Certificate

The following step is performed on the server hosting the Agent that should decrypt secrets using the openssl utility from the command line.
Find more examples and explanations from JS7 - How to create X.509 Encryption Keys.

Example how to create Private Key and Certificate using ECDSA encryption 
#!/bin/bash

# navigate to the Agent's <agent-data>/config/private directory
cd /var/sos-berlin.com/js7/agent/config/private

# create Private Key
#   for use with passphrase add: -passout pass:"secret"
openssl ecparam -name secp384r1 -genkey -noout -out agent.key

# create Certificate Signing Request
openssl req -new -sha512 -nodes -key agent.key -out agent.csr -subj "/C=DE/ST=Berlin/L=Berlin/O=SOS/OU=IT/CN=Agent"

# create Certificate
#   for passphrase add: -passin pass:"secret"
openssl x509 -req -sha512 -days 1825 -signkey agent.key -in agent.csr -out agent.crt -extfile <(printf "keyUsage=critical,keyEncipherment,keyAgreement\n")
Example how to create Private Key and Certificate using RSA encryption 
#!/bin/bash

# navigate to the Agent's <agent-data>/config/private directory
cd /var/sos-berlin.com/js7/agent/config/private

# create Private Key and Certificate Signing Request
#   for passphrase add: -passout pass:"secret"
openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -nodes -keyout agent.key -out agent.csr -subj "/C=DE/ST=Berlin/L=Berlin/O=SOS/OU=IT/CN=Agent"

# create Certificate
#   for passphrase add: -passin pass:"secret"
openssl x509 -req -sha512 -days 1825 -signkey agent.key -in agent.csr -out agent.crt -extfile <(printf "keyUsage=critical,keyEncipherment,keyAgreement\n")

Step 2: Making the Certificate available

Copy the certificate file to the server(s) hosting the Agent(s) or 3rd-party components that should encrypt secrets.

Encryption

Usage

An example on how to use the provided classes.

Usage 
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Base64;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;

import com.sos.commons.encryption.EncryptionUtils;
import com.sos.commons.encryption.common.EncryptedValue;
import com.sos.commons.encryption.decrypt.Decrypt;
import com.sos.commons.encryption.encrypt.Encrypt;
import com.sos.commons.sign.keys.key.KeyUtil;

private String encrypt(String valueToEncrypt, String pathToCertificate) throws Exception {
        // algorithm to encrypt the value with
    String algorithm = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding";
        // generated initialization vector
    IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec = EncryptionUtils.generateIv();
        // initialization vector base64 encoded for output
    byte[] ivBase64Encoded = Base64.getEncoder().encode(ivParameterSpec.getIV());
        // generate a symmetric key on the fly to encrypt the desired value  
    SecretKey key = EncryptionUtils.generateSecretKey(256);
    X509Certificate cert = KeyUtil.getX509Certificate(Paths.get(pathToCertificate));
        // encrypt the symmetric key with the given certificate
    byte[] encryptedKey = EncryptionUtils.encryptSymmetricKey(key, cert);
        // encrypt the desired value with the symmetric key 
    String encryptedValue = Encrypt.encrypt(algorithm, valueToEncrypt, key, ivParameterSpec);
        // return the concatenated ouptut in the format "<encrypted-symmetric-key> <base64-encoded-iv> <encrypted-value>"
    return Encrypt.concatOutput(new String(encryptedKey), new String(ivBase64Encoded), encryptedValue);
}

Decryption

Usage

An example on how to use the provided classes.

Usage 
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Base64;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;

import com.sos.commons.encryption.EncryptionUtils;
import com.sos.commons.encryption.common.EncryptedValue;
import com.sos.commons.encryption.decrypt.Decrypt;
import com.sos.commons.encryption.encrypt.Encrypt;
import com.sos.commons.sign.keys.key.KeyUtil;

private String decrypt(String encryptedValue, String pathToPrivateKey) throws Exception {
    Path privateKeyPath = Paths.get(pathToPrivateKey);
    PrivateKey priv = KeyUtil.getPrivateKeyFromString(Files.readString(privateKeyPath));
    EncryptedValue encVal = EncryptedValue.getInstance("decrypt", encryptedValue);
    return Decrypt.decrypt(encVal, priv);
}

Test

An example on how to run the above examples with a JUnit test.

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

    @Test
    public void testEncipherment() throws Exception {
        // needed parameters
        // the value to encrypt
        String valueToEncrypt = "my test value to encrypt!";
        // Path to the certificate file needed for encryption
        String certificatePath = "path/to/the/certificate/file"; 
        // Path to the private key file  needed for decryption
        String privateKeyPath = "path/to/the/privatekey/file";
    
        // call encrypt methode above with the provided parameters
        String encryptedValue = encrypt(valueToEncrypt, certificatePath);
    
        // call decrypt methode above with the provided parameters
        String decryptedValue = decrypt(encryptedValue, privateKeyPath);
        
        LOGGER.info("valueToEncrypt:\t" + valueToEncrypt);
        LOGGER.info("encrypted Value:\t" + encryptedValue);
        LOGGER.info("decrypted Value:\t" + decryptedValue);
    
        Assert.assertEquals(valueToEncrypt, decryptedValue);
    }
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