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Introduction

• The If Instruction is used for conditional processing in a workflow. It allows to check return codes and return values of previous jobs jobs to be checked and it can be used to evaluate any order variables.
• The If Instructions optionally Instruction optionally allows to use of an "Else" branch if the condition evaluates to false.
• An If Instruction evaluates an expression that includes order variables and that results in a true/false value. The following Some basic use cases are suggestedinclude:
  • check checking the return code (exit code) of a previous job to decide and deciding which jobs or instructions to continue be continued with,
  • check checking the return value (variables returned by a previous job) to decide about further processing,
  • check any order checking order variables to determine the next instructions to process.
• The If Instruction does not modify an order's state. However, however, if an If Instruction fails due to an error in the expression or syntax, then the order is considered broken.to have failed.

Feature Video

This video explains how to create conditional processing in a workflow.

Syntax

• The If Instruction evaluates an expression from a predicate and returns a Boolean value value true or false.
• Therefore Boolean algebra is applied, e.g. , for example, to evaluate expressions such as $returnCode.toNumber == 0.
• For details see JS7 - Expressions for Variables

Binary Operations

• The If Instruction knows of two binary operations, which are "and" (conjunction) and "or" (disjunction) with the syntax  && and ||.

  • Possible operations correspond to the following tablematrix:

    x	y	x && y	x || y
    false	false	false	false
    true	false	false	true
    false	true	false	true
    true	true	true	true

  • Round brackets should be used to group multiple expressions and to control the order of evaluation.
  • Conjunction beats disjunction if no grouping is not used, i.e.
    •   x && y || z  is the same as (x && y) || z   
    •   x || y && z  is the same as   x || (y && z) 
  • Both operations using the basic elements true,  and false cover a number of algebraic laws such as associativity, commutativity and distributivity, for . For more details see Wikipedia.

Unary Operation

• The If Instruction knows a single unary operation. This is "operation not" (negation) for which the syntax is !.

  • The unary operation results in the following tablematrix:

    x	!x
    false	true
    true	false

  • A negation can be used for a single expression or for a group of expressions which expressions that are enclosed by round brackets.
  • The unary operation particularly satisfies particularly De Morgan's law: 
    • !x && !y    =    !(x || y) 
    • !x || !y    =    !(x && y)

Variables

• The predicate supports to check checking of the value values of job arguments and of order variables.
•  Variables support the following data types: string, number, booleanBoolean.
• While an order passes a workflow any job Any jobs can add or modify order variables while an order is passing a workflow.
• A number of syntactical notations for variables are supported that provide access to:
  • the current value of a variable (maybe may have been modified by a previous job),
  • the value that was returned by a specific JS7 - Job Instruction,
  • the original value of the variable as carried by the order.

•  If a predicate makes use of a variable that does not exists exist then the order stops with a FAILED state, except that when a default value has been specified for the variable. 

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• The following syntax can be used to access the current value of a variable:
  • $varName
  • ${varName}
  • variable("varName") or variable('varName')
  • variable(key = "varName") or variable(key = 'varName')
• To avoid that an order stops because of failing due to a non-existent variable, a default value can be specified with the following syntax:
  • variable("varName", default = "aString") or variable('varName', default = 'aString')
  • variable(key = "varName", default = "aString") or variable(key = 'varName', default = 'aString')
  •  Default values use one of the supported data types: string, number, booleanBoolean.
  • If the variable name is used with the key attribute then the order of appearance of the key attribute and default attribute  attributes is arbitrary, i.e. variable(default = "aString", key = "varName")is possible too.
  • If the variable name is used without the key attribute then the variable name has to be used as the first argument of variable(...).

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• The following syntax can be used to access the original value of an order variable:
  • argument("varName") or argument('varName')
  • argument(key = "varName") or argument(key = 'varName')
• An argument can specify a default value too as well (see the previous chaptersection).

Value of a variable from a specific Job Instruction

• Each label for a JS7 - Job - Instruction has a label that has  has to be unique per in a workflow.
• The following syntax can be used for to access the value of a variable as returned by a specific Job Instruction:
  • variable("varName", label = aLabel) or variable('varName', label = aLabel)
  • variable(key = "varName", label = aLabel) or variable(key = 'varName', label = aLabel)
  •  Note that the value of the label is not quoted!
• A default value can be added too as well (see previous chapter)
  • The order of appearance for label and default is arbitrary.

Return Code

• The return code is a variable holding an object that can be converted to a number if provided from a shell job. For such jobs the operating system exit code is handed over as the return code.

• The return code is provided from the most recently executed job.

• The return code is a built-in variable that can be used in a predicate like this: $returnCode

• Hint; the returnCodeMeaning attribute can be set using the JS7 - Job Instruction. This states the return codes (exit codes) that are considered signaling success or error of a job run. If the return code is not included with the list of successful return codes or is included in the list of return codes signaling an error then the order fails. If you want to handle such job execution results with an If Instruction then the rerelevant return code has to be added to the list of successful return codes or has to be exempted from the list of return codes signaling errors.

Data Types

String

• Strings can be either represented by the value of a variable or by an expression like "this is a string" or 'this is a string'.
• Note that a string which that is not the value of a variable needs quotation; requires to be quoted: either single quotes or double quotes can be used.
• If a single quoted string contains a single quote than this has to be escaped with a backslash, e.g. 'De Morgan\'s law'.
• If a double quoted string contains a double quote than this has to be escaped with a backslash too.
•  An empty string has to be specified with double quotes like this: "".

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• Numbers include any integer or floating point numbers. The decimal character for floating point numbers is a dot. Numbers are not quoted.
• Numeric values are provided e.g. from the return code variable ($returnCode) of the previous job, from a converted variable value or from an expression containing digits, one optional dot and one optional leading minus sign.
• A variable value that holds a string can be converted to a number by use of the toNumber method with the following syntax:
  • ${varName}.toNumber
  • variable(...).toNumber

•  If the variable value is not numeric then the order fails with the If Instruction.

Boolean

• Boolean values come in two flavors: true and false.are represented by the keyword true, the keyword false or by a converted variable value
• The keyword syntax with the predicate of an If Instruction is: true, false.
• A variable value of data type "string" can be converted to a Boolean data type with the toBoolean method using the following syntax:
  • ${varName}.toBoolean
  • variable(...).toBoolean
•  If the variable value is not a Boolean data type then the order fails with the If Instruction.

Comparisons

String Comparison

• Three operators are provided to compare strings. These are ==, != and matches.
  • "stringA" == "stringB" is true if stringA and stringB are equal.
  • "stringA" != "stringB" is true if stringA and stringB are not equal.
  • "stringA" matches "a regular expression" is true if stringA matches the regular expression.
    • The syntax of the regular expression is a quoted string and has to be Java® compliant.
    •  It is necessary for an expression including matches to be enclosed in round brackets if it is not the only expression in a predicate:
      • (variable("myVar") matches ".*") && variable("myVar") != ""

Number Comparison

• Seven operators are provided to compare numbers. These are ==, !=, <, <=, >, >= and in.
  • numberA == numberB is true if numberA and numberB are equal.
  • numberA != numberB is true if numberA and numberB are not equal.
  • numberA <  numberB is true if numberA is less than numberB.
  • numberA <= numberB is true if numberA is less than numberB or equal.
  • numberA >  numberB is true if numberA is greater than numberB.
  • numberA >= numberB is true if numberA is greater numberB or equal.
  • numberA in [numberB,numberC,numberD] is true if numberA is equal to numberB or equal to numberC or equal to numberD.
    • The in operator expects an array of numbers with a minimum of one number included. Array elements are separated by comma and are enclosed by square brackets.
    •  It is necessary for an expression incliding in to be enclosed in round brackets if it is not the only expression in a predicate:
      • (variable("myVar").toNumber in [0,42,255]) && variable("myVar") != ""

Examples

variable('aString') matches "(?i)x.*" //true if the value of variable('aString') starts with "x" or "X" (case insensitive)
variable('aString') matches ".*x.*"   //true if the value of variable('aString') contains "x"
variable('aString') == "x"            //true if the value of variable('aString') equals "x"
variable('aNumber').toNumber == 42    //true if the value of variable('aNumber') equals "42"
variable('aBoolean').toBoolean        //true if the value of variable('aBoolean') equals "true"

Workflow Instruction: If

Use Case: Return Code Checking

• Download Workflow Example (.json upload): pdiConditionalReturnCode.workflow.json

Explanations:

• Return Codes come in two flavors:
  • for shell jobs the return code corresponds to the OS operating system exit code.
  • for any other job types the return code is provided by the respective relevant job indicating success or failure.
•  The job definition specifies which return codes indicate success or failure:
  
  Image Modified
   
  • For the above workflow example the job1 considers the return codes 0,1,2,3,4 signaling to signal success and any other return codes indicating to indicate errors.
• Therefore a return code > 0 does not necessarily indicate failure but can be used, e.g. for workflow control, to indicate which jobs should be executed next.
• If a given return code is not present with in the list of successful return codes then the order will be considered being to have failed. However, if the return code is available with in the list of successful return codes then an If Instruction can check the return code value and can continue with specific jobs if the If Instruction evaluates to true or to false.

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• Download Workflow Example (.json upload): pdiConditionalResult.workflow.json

Explanations:

• Return values are different from return codes as they do not indicate success or failure of a job but instead . Instead they return variables and values indicating the processing result of a job, e.g. the number of records from a database table that have been processed by a job.
• Such return values can be used to implement conditional processing. An If Instruction can evaluate the respective rerelevant return value and determine what jobs to execute next.

Use Case:

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Variable Checking

• Download Workflow Example (.json upload): pdiConditionalVariables.workflow.json

Explanations:

• Technically this use case is not too different from the above checking of return values use case described above. However, the focus is not on a specific job but on specific values of variables.
• Consider Note that order variables can be modified by users when adding an order. The above example therefore checks an order variable to decide which job to start a workflow is to be started for.
• In addition Note also that the same type of checks check can be performed with for any step in a workflow.

Further Resources