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• Private CA-signed Certificates are issued by users who operate their own Private Certificate Authority (CA).
• Public CA-signed Certificates are issued by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA) that validates the domain owner. They are not created by users but are purchased from the trusted CA and therefore are not considered by in the article.

There is no difference in using a Private CA or Public CA concerning the functionality of X.509 certificates, usage for Server Authentication / Client Authentication, or security of connections. The only difference is that users have to trust the Private CA that they set up on their own.

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